吉林省一新记录虫草菌

报道了吉林省新发现的虫草属真菌细座虫草[Cordyceps tuberculata（Lebert）Maire],并对其形态特征及分布进行了描述。     

枝孢属4个吉林省新记录种

记录枝孢属(Cladosporium Link)4个吉林省新记录种:连翘枝孢(C. forsytiae Z.Y.Zhanget T.Zhang)、三宅枝孢(C.miyakei Saccardoet Trotter)、柳枝孢(C.salicis Moseszet Smarods)、黑星状枝孢(C.venturicides Saccardo)。文中对这些种分别进行了描述,并附有线条图。标本保存于吉林农业大学菌物标本室(HMJAU)。     

海南岛淡水龟类区系特点及保护优先性分析

海南岛是我国淡水龟类分布较为集中、物种丰富度高、动物区系独特的地区,已知的淡水龟有2科8属11种,占全国淡水龟种数(24种)的46％。海南岛淡水龟物种密度为3．2种／10^4km^2,均为东洋界成分,其中华南区种4种,占36．4％;华中-华南区共有的种7种,占63．6％;海南特有种2种,占岛内淡水龟种数的18．2％。海南岛淡水龟占华南地区淡水龟种数(19种)的57．9％。海南与广东、广西和香港的淡水龟类区系关系也十分密切,与它们的生物相似值分别为0．76、0．64和0．47。目前,中国75％的淡水龟类濒危,海南岛81．8％的淡水龟类濒危。分析表明,海南岛应是我国淡水龟类资源优先保育的地区。     

海南和台湾蕨类植物多样性及其大陆性特征

海南和台湾是我国南部和东部两个最重要的大陆性岛屿,具有极为丰富的蕨类植物多样性。特有现象揭示着植物区系和植物多样性的历史,间断分布揭示着与邻近或相关植物区系的联系;特别是在岛屿地区,这种现象和意义尤其明显。海南有蕨类植物区系55科、135属、466种,其中特有种有32种,台湾蕨类植物区系57科、142属、599种,其中特有种达66种。在海南与台湾两地,有共有属104属,共有种仅有176种。台湾海峡出现始于晚白垩世,持续至第四纪;琼州海峡出现于早第四纪,因此,两地的特有现象远少于种子植物(台湾有801种,海南有501种),原因与蕨类植物具有更广的散布性相关,而且在被子植物中起重要作用的物种生物学障碍(机制)在蕨类是缺乏的;形态学的、生殖生物学特征导致蕨类植物具有较缓慢的物种演化历史和较低的灭绝率(Smith,1972)。海南和台湾蕨类植物区系的比较还表明,地理位置和海拔高度对植物区系的物种分化和物种多样性产生了极大的影响。     

湘西苗族聚居地治蛇毒药用植物资源调查初报

采用民族植物学研究方法,对湘西苗族聚居地治蛇毒药用植物资源进行了初步调查分析,结果显示：本区共有220余种治蛇毒药用植物。隶属于89属75科。本文旨在为新药的发现和挖掘苗族蛇药文化底蕴提供参考资料。     

Effect of Hillslope Gradient on Vegetation Recovery on Abandoned Land of Shifting Cultivation in Hainan Island, South China

In the present study, we investigated the effect of hillslope gradient on vegetation recovery on abandoned land of shifting cultivation In Hainan Island, south China, by measuring community composition and structure of 25-year-old secondary forest fallows along a hillslope gradient （up-, middle-, and down-slope position）. A total of 49 733 free-standing woody plant stems higher than 10 cm and belonging to 170 species, 112 genera, and 57 families was found in the three l-hm2 investigation plots. Stem density was highest in the down-slope stand and lowest in the up-slope stand. Species richness and the Shannon-Wiener Index were both highest in the middle-slope stand, and lower In the down-slope and up-slope stands. The recovery forest fallows on different hiUslope positions were all dominated by a few species. The five most abundant species accounted for 70.1%, 58.8%, and 72.9% of total stem densities in stands in the up-, middle-, and down-slope positions, respectively. The five species with the greatest basal areas accounted for 74.5%, 84.3%, and 74.7% of total stem basal area for the up-, middle-, and down-slope positions, respectively. The number of low-density species （stem abundance less than five） Increased from the up-slope position downward. Of the nine local common species among three different functional groups, the short-lived pioneer species dominated the up-slope position, but long-lived pioneer species dominated the middle- and down-slope positions. The climax species of primary tropical lowland rain forest was found in the downslope position. Both the mean diameter at breast height （DBH） and mean height of the trees Increased with decreasing hillslope gradient. The stem density and basal area in different size classes were significantly different in stands In different slope positions. Our results indicated that the rate of secondary succession varies, even over small spatial scales caused by the hlllslope gradient, in early vegetation recovery.     

Nectar and Pollen Sources for Honeybee （Apis cerana cerana Fabr.） in Qinglan Mangrove Area, Hainan Island, China

In the present study, nectar and pollen sources for honeybee （Apls cerana cerana Fabr.） were studied in Qlnglan mangrove area, Hainan Island, China, based on microscopic analysis of honey and pollen load （corblcular and gut contents） from honeybees collected In October and November 2004. Qualitative and quantitative melittopalynologlcal analysis of the natural honey sample showed that the honey is of unlfloral type with Mimosa pudlca L. （Mlmosaceae） as the predominant （89.14%） source of nectar and pollen for A. cerana cerana In October. Members of Araceae are an Important minor （3%-15%） pollen type, whereas those of Arecaceae are a minor （〈3%） pollen type. Pollen grains of Nypa fruticans Wurmb., Rhlzophora spp., Excoecarla agallocha L., Lumnitzera spp., Brugulera spp., Kandella candel Druce, and Ceriops tagal （Perr.） C. B. Rob. are among the notable mangrove texa growing In Qinglan mangrove area recorded as minor taxa In the honey. The absolute pollen count （I.e. the number of pollen grains/10 g honey sample） suggests that the honey belongs to Group V （〉1 000 000）. Pollen analysis from the corblcular and gut contents of A. cerana cerana revealed the highest representation （95.60%） of members of Sonneratia spp. （Sonneratlaceae）, followed by Bruguiera spp. （Rhizophoraceae）, Euphorblaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Araceae, Anacardlaceae, and Rublaceae. Of these plants, those belonging to Sonneratla plants are the most Important nectar and pollen sources for A. cerana cerana and are frequently foraged and pollinated by these bees in November.     

Characteristics of soil fauna community in the Dongjiao coconut plantation ecosystem in Hainan, China

From July 2002 to July 2004, we investigated the soil fauna in the Dongjiao coconut plantation of Hainan Island. A total of 5,378 specimens were obtained. These species represented 4 phyla, 12 classes and 27 genera. The soil animal clusters are as follows: All major animal groups presented in a tropical rain forest are present in Dongjiao coconut plantation's soil community. The Dongjiao coconut plantation demonstrated the typical characteristics of a tropical soil animal community. The number of species and the diversity index (H) increase from the high latitude areas toward the equator; The dominance index (C) decreased from the high latitude areas toward the equator; the ratio of Acarina/Collembola and the percentage occurrence of increase along the declination of latitude; the occurrence of termites, a typical member of tropical community, varies from absent to present and a dramatic increase along the declination of latitude. Compared to primary tropical rainforests, the Dongjian coconut plantation community is relatively low in species diversity, and has a high dominance index and low diversity index. This may partially due to some characters of the plantation: singular tree species, monsoon climate, seashore location, high pH and salinity of the soil, soil moisture and other environmental factors. A seasonal change occurs in the community structure but is not obvious. Soil around human residences has a higher organic material content, and has higher counts of specimens and numbers of species, compared to other three sampling sites. Coconut production at locations around human residences is higher than at any other microhabitats. The high production is positively correlated with the richness of animal community in the soil.     

海南岛石灰岩特有植物的初步研究

特有植物是了解一个地区植物区系的起源与演化规律的关键。对海南岛石灰岩特有植物的地理分布特征和分类的初步研究表明:本区共有石灰岩特有植物63种,隶属于37科52属,其中热带性的属占的比例较高;属于海南石灰岩专性种的有18种,一些种类对生长基质的要求相当严格。与其它地区比较,石灰岩山地的特有化发展在海南不很明显。从特有植物的分布来看昌江是海南一个重要的石灰岩植物分化中心。对海南石灰岩特有种比例较低的原因和保育进行了探讨。     

山西省重点保护野生植物资源及区系特征研究

以《国家重点保护野生植物名录(第一批)》和《山西省重点保护野生植物名录(第一批)》为依据,建立山西省重点保护野生植物名录。共记录57种保护植物,隶属于38科45属（其中国家Ⅰ级保护2种,国家Ⅱ级保护6种,省级保护49种）。分析结果得出,山西省重点保护野生植物在全省的分布不集中,零散分布于全省61个县区境内,且绝大多数物种的分布范围很狭窄。山西省重点保护野生植物区系具有复杂多样、起源古老、孑遗植物和单种属多等特点,科、属植物区系成分以温带分布型占优势,同时也有较明显的热带性质,过渡性特征比较明显,有其独特的地理优势和保护价值。本研究旨在对山西省重点保护野生植物资源现状及区系特征进行初步研究,从而为野生植物资源的保护和合理有效地利用提供科学的理论依据与参考。